Analysis of Deep Loosening Technology for Agricultural Machinery

The deep loosening and land preparation technology of agricultural machinery refers to the mechanized land preparation technology that involves using a tractor to pull a deep loosening machine or a combined land preparation tool with deep loosening components to cultivate soil between rows or in all directions. This technology can break the hard bottom layer of the plow, thicken the loose soil layer, and improve the structure of the soil plow layer without flipping the soil and disrupting the original soil layer structure, thereby enhancing the ability to store water, preserve moisture, and resist drought and waterlogging. It can effectively improve the soil, enhance the basic production capacity of crops such as grain, and promote agricultural production and farmers' income.
1、 Technical advantages of deep loosening operation
Why should deep loosening be carried out?
Most areas in our region have long used rotary tillers for shallow plowing or plow plowing operations, forming a tight and closed plow layer between the soil tillage layer and the core soil layer, with a thickness of up to 8-12 centimeters. Its total porosity is reduced by 10-20% compared to the cultivation layer or the core soil layer, hindering the connection of water, fertilizer, air, and heat gradients between the cultivation layer and the core soil layer, and reducing the soil's disaster resistance. At the same time, crop roots are difficult to penetrate the bottom layer of the plow, with shallow root distribution, reduced nutrient absorption range, weak disaster resistance, and easy to cause lodging and premature aging, which affects yield improvement. Implementing deep loosening operations with agricultural machinery can effectively break the bottom layer of the plow and improve soil, fertilizer, air, and thermal conditions.
What are the benefits of deep loosening of agricultural machinery?
One is to promote soil water storage and moisture preservation, and enhance drought and waterlogging resistance. After the deep loosening operation, the soil water storage capacity can increase by about 15%, forming an underground "soil reservoir", reducing the frequency of watering 1-2 times, and the bottom soil layer has more water storage, making the soil water distribution more stable, which is conducive to drought resistance before the rainy season of the following year. The second is to promote the rooting of crops and improve their ability to resist lodging. Deep loosening creates a favorable soil environment for crop growth, improves the growth conditions of crop roots, promotes robust roots, deeper roots, optimized distribution, fully absorbs soil moisture and nutrients, and promotes crop production and development. The third is to promote crop growth and increase grain yield. After the deep loosening operation, the crop yield increases by 10%, and the yield increase effect can last for 2 to 3 years.
2、 Choose a suitable deep loosening machine for my area
Through a comprehensive investigation of the operation modes and models used in multiple counties and districts in our province, we have determined that the all-round inverted curved trapezoidal deep loosening machine is the main model in our district. This machine can achieve all-round deep loosening, forming a "rat path" that runs through the operation line, leaving no deep marks on the soil surface and will not move the compacted soil blocks up; It can be applied to soil with different textures and a large amount of straw cover for operation, avoiding blockage and improving the passing ability of the machine.
When purchasing deep loosening equipment, the operator should pay attention to the following points: firstly, check whether the equipment enjoys subsidies. The deep loosening machine listed in the subsidy catalog can enjoy national subsidies, and the operator can pay less. Secondly, try to choose branded products as much as possible. Branded product production enterprises, due to their large production scale, strong economic strength, high technical level, advanced production equipment and processes, can ensure product quality. Moreover, the after-sales service system of the brand's products is complete. If there are problems with the machines during use, they can be repaired in a timely manner, and the supply of accessories is guaranteed. The third is to carefully inspect the equipment. Check whether the welding is firm, whether there are pores and sand holes in the casting, whether there is oil leakage at the oil seal, how the surface treatment quality is, and whether there is any leakage of paint. The fourth is to request a purchase voucher. For example, invoices, three guarantee cards, etc., in order to promptly receive three guarantee repairs in case of future problems.
3、 Installation and adjustment of deep loosening machine
Installation of universal joint of deep loosening machine
The universal joint has two internal splines of different sizes at both ends. The small hole internal spline is connected to the tractor, and the large hole internal spline is connected to the deep loosening machine. After installation, the two ends of the spline joint forks are in the same plane.
Adjust the left and right levels of the deep loosening machine
Raise the implement to lift the deep loosening shovel off the ground, check if the left and right shovel tips are level, adjust the tractor, and hang the left and right vertical pull rods until the level meets the requirements.
Adjust the front and rear levels of the deep loosening machine
Drive the tractor group to a flat area and adjust the length of the tractor's top link. Make the front and rear of the deep loosening machine level. If the upper pull rod has been adjusted to the limit position and still cannot reach the unit level, it is necessary to change the fixed pin holes of the upper pull rod and the deep loosening machine, and adjust the length of the vertical pull rod until the unit is level before and after.
4、 Deep loosening operation
The time for deep loosening operations is divided into summer deep loosening operations and autumn deep loosening operations
Summer deep loosening operation: Before sowing summer corn, conducting deep loosening operation is beneficial for fully accepting summer rainwater, promoting moderate dense planting and fertilizer efficiency utilization of corn, promoting root development and crop growth, effectively improving corn yield, and achieving cost saving and efficiency increasing.
Autumn deep loosening operation: For plots that are not planted with winter wheat in autumn, perform white soil deep loosening after harvesting corn and peanuts; For plots planted with winter wheat in autumn, deep loosening should be carried out before wheat sowing to receive rainwater and snow from both seasons and effectively resist spring drought. At the same time, deep loosening before sowing winter wheat should be combined with measures such as post sowing compaction and watering to enhance the effectiveness of drought resistance and soil moisture preservation. According to the agricultural season, our area mainly focuses on deep loosening in autumn.
● Determination of deep loosening depth
Implement the industry standard of the Ministry of Agriculture "Quality of Deep Loosening Machine Operation" (NY/T 2845-2015). Conventional deep loosening operations. The depth of deep loosening is greater than or equal to 25 centimeters, and the interval between deep loosening is not more than 2.5 times the depth of deep loosening; High standard deep loosening operation. The depth of deep loosening shall be greater than or equal to 35 centimeters, and the interval between deep loosening shall not be greater than 70 centimeters. Generally speaking, for plots with a perennial rotary tillage depth of 10-15 centimeters, a deep loosening depth of 25 centimeters is sufficient. However, for plots with a perennial rotary tillage depth of 15 centimeters or more, the deep loosening depth should be correspondingly increased.
5、 Maintenance of deep loosening machine
● Shift maintenance of deep loosening machines
Firstly, after each shift of work, it is necessary to remove clay and debris from the equipment and keep it clean and tidy. The second is to maintain lubrication, injecting oil twice per shift to the bearing shells or rotating parts; Add grease to the bearings and universal joints, and add lubricating oil to each rotating part. The third is to inspect and tighten the fasteners of each part. Fourthly, after the deep loosening shovel becomes dull, it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner. Fifth, check the gearbox oil level and maintain the specified oil level. Six is to inspect all components for damage, and replace and repair damaged parts in a timely manner.
Source: Fengnan TV Station